Filbert Care Guide
Filberts in the Winter
Filberts, also called hazelnuts or hazels, are deciduous shrubs that grow between 6 and 30 feet tall. They produce nuts in the fall and thrive best in USDA hardiness zones 8 and 9 in the Pacific Northwest, though they also perform well in zones 6 and 7 throughout much of the country. Since filberts are usually self-unfruitful, plant at least two compatible varieties for successful nut production. Keep in mind the more varieties you plant the better the chance of a better fruit set.
Culture
Plant filberts in a location protected from harsh winter winds. Although they do not develop taproots, their root systems grow deep. Filberts require deep, well-drained, fertile soil rich in humus. In colder climates, where plants do not grow as large, they need a spacing of 10 to 12 feet across.
Plant filberts as stand alone plants away from other trees where squirrels can’t get to them without being on the ground. As filberts are relatively small trees, mulching is a practical approach to maintaining soil health. Use organic materials such as hay or leaves, as these contribute essential nutrients and support vigorous growth and good nut production. Filberts begin bearing nuts two to three years after planting, achieving strong production within three to four additional years. However, after ten years, they may become erratic producers unless pruned heavily.
Harvesting
Harvest nuts from the ground after they drop. If husks remain attached, remove them before storage. Spread the nuts in a warm, dry, and shady location to properly dry before use. They can also be hung in a netted bag. If squirrels are a problem the nuts can be harvested before they drop.
The best varieties for East Coast conditions and resistance to Filbert Blight are the Rutgers University varieties. These varieties have multiple resistant genes for long lived plants.
Filbert in the winter